编辑本段]介词和关系代词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3沙量哪营)某些在从句中充土当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。Thisisthehouseinwhi小逐春则气歌远尽chIlivedtwoyearsago.
Thisisthehouse强术whereIlivedtwoyearsago.
Doyouremembe差迅轴线决绿苗诗区河帝rthedayonwhic会丝顾hyoujoined业气毛很敌秋斯地被土ourclub?
Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.
Thisisthereasonforwhichhecame济换响着诗药照落late.
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+盐委决列高担关系代词引导
(1)Theschool(that/whi扬打倒慢ch)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
=Theschoolinwhichh纸助附只eoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(2落假非据余扬况映聚)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
=TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(3)项济职肥话怎We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
=We’llgotohearthefa械零moussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
注意:
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:lookfor,lookafter,ta盐跟注位甲存停道至kecareof等
TThis选岁关送保蛋总干州束找isthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T=正确)
F练差务孩查火本ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlook型土办ing.(F=错误)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)
Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)
(2)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)
TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
关系代词
关系代词(一般情况下)that可用who,whom和which在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语。
which指物,在从句中作主语,谓语或宾语;
who在从句中作主语;
whom在从句中宾语;
where在从句中修饰表地点的名词,做地点状语;
when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词,做时间状语;
why在从句中做原因状语,先行词通常是"reason"
有时why也可用for+which代替。
例:Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.
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主语谓语先行词从句
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定语从句修饰先行词
判断介词和关系代词
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如:
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.
I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
(错)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.
(对)Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.
(对)I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案:
例1D,例2A
例1变为肯定句:Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句:Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.
在句1中,is后应跟表语,只有theone可以,而后面的youvisitedafewdaysago则做one的定语从句。
而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因inthemuseum词组,可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。
标签:从句,定语,语法